Imaging & Diagnostics
19 terms
- AAA ultrasound screening
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening uses a single bedside abdominal ultrasound to measure the maximum infrarenal aortic diameter; an aneurysm is defined as ≥3 cm. The 2019…
- Brain MRI volumetrics
Brain MRI volumetrics uses structural magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the volume of specific brain regions — most notably the hippocampus, lateral ventricles and total…
- Cardiac MRI (CMR)
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for quantifying left- and right-ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and myocardial mass, because volumetric…
- Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT)
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is the B-mode ultrasound measurement of the combined thickness of the intima and media layers of the common carotid artery wall, serving as…
- Coronary CT angiography (CCTA)
Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) uses multi-detector computed tomography with intravenous iodinated contrast to produce three-dimensional images of the coronary arteries, enabling…
- Echocardiography
Echocardiography is cardiac ultrasound performed transthoracically (TTE) or transesophageally (TEE) and is the most widely used cardiac imaging modality. It quantifies left…
- Epicardial adipose tissue
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot between the myocardium and the visceral pericardial layer, sharing its microcirculation with the heart and — unlike…
- FibroScan / liver elastography
FibroScan (vibration-controlled transient elastography, VCTE) measures liver stiffness in kilopascals (kPa) by propagating a low-frequency shear wave through hepatic tissue and…
- Flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a non-invasive ultrasound measure of endothelial function, quantifying the percentage increase in brachial artery diameter in response to a…
- Liver fat quantification (MRI-PDFF)
MRI-PDFF (magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction) measures the fraction of liver protons belonging to fat triglycerides relative to all water and fat protons,…
- Low-dose CT lung screening (LDCT)
Annual low-dose chest CT (LDCT) screens current and former heavy smokers for early-stage lung cancer at an effective dose of roughly 1–2 mSv. The pivotal US National Lung…
- Mammography
Mammography is low-dose X-ray imaging of the breast (effective dose roughly 0.4 mSv per bilateral two-view study) and is the only modality with randomised-trial evidence for…
- MR spectroscopy (MRS)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) uses the chemical-shift information in the MR signal to quantify tissue metabolites non-invasively, typically from a single voxel or a…
- PET-amyloid / PET-tau imaging
Positron emission tomography with amyloid-targeting tracers — florbetapir, florbetaben and flutemetamol, all FDA-approved — allows in vivo visualisation of fibrillar amyloid-beta…
- PET-FDG imaging
Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET), typically combined with low-dose CT for attenuation correction and anatomical co-registration (PET/CT), images…
- Pulse wave velocity (PWV)
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the speed at which the pressure wave generated by ventricular ejection travels along the arterial tree, and is the non-invasive gold-standard measure…
- Retinal OCT / fundus imaging
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina generates micrometre-resolution cross-sectional images of retinal layers, enabling quantification of macular thickness, retinal…
- Skin imaging / total body photography and dermoscopy
Dermoscopy (also called dermatoscopy or epiluminescence microscopy) uses a handheld lens at roughly 10× magnification with polarised or immersion light to visualise sub-surface…
- Whole-body MRI screening
Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) acquires multi-station images covering the brain, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis without ionising radiation, enabling simultaneous assessment of soft…